**Especie:** *Homo neanderthalensis* Cambell, 1963
**Nombre común**: niña de Teshik-Tash
**Capacidad craneal:** 1550 cc.
**Edad fósil:** 0,07 M.a (Pleistoceno Superior) 
**Localidad hallazgo:** cueva Teshik-Tash, cordillera Bajsuntau (Uzbekistan)
**Clasificación:** família Hominidae, género Homo 
**Material:** réplica  en resina 
**Técnica:** ** fotogrametría
**Dimesiones:** 19´5 (profundidad) x 13´5 (altura) x 10´5 (anchura)
**Cámara:** Sony DSC HX60V 
**Autor:** Andreu Vilaplana 
**nº registro / Colección:** MGUV 36476  / "Evolución Humana" del Museo de la Universitat de València de Historia Natural
**Referencia bibliográfica:** Zubía, ISSN 0213-4306, Nº Extra 31, 2019
![](https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/54568172932_b284b451e3_b.jpg)

Homo neanderthalensis skull

**Especie:** *Homo neanderthalensis* Cambell, 1963
**Capacidad craneal: **1550 cc.
**Edad:** 007-0´05 M.a (Pleistoceno Superior) 
**Localidad/año descubrimiento:** yacimiento La Ferrassie, Savignac-de-Miremont (Dordoña, Francia)/1909
**Clasificación:** família Hominidae, género Homo 
**Material:** réplica de resina del ejemplar La Ferrassie 1
**Medidas:** 23 x 16 x 14´5 cm.
**Técnica:** ** fotogrametría 
**Cámara:** Sony DSC HX60V 
**Autor:** Jose A. Villena 
**Nº registro/Colección:** MGUV 22814 / "Evolución Humana" 
**Referencia bibliográfica:**Climent, A. V., Herraiz, J. L., Villena, J. A., Máñez, T. S., Boisset-Castells, E., Conejero, N., García-Forner, A. & Pérez, C. M. (2019). La holografía como herramienta para la divulgación del patrimonio paleontológico: La colección de paleontología humana del museu de la universitat de valència de historia natural. Zubía, (31), 275-280.

![](https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51911721116_bc075a2ea9_z.jpg)

Homo neanderthalensis skull (cast)

Homo heidelbergensis, -700 000 to -200 000 BCE, Africa and Europe. Musée du cinquantenaire (Brussels, Belgium). Made with ReMake and ReCap Pro from AutoDesk.

This ancestor was a great migrator. Some populations migrated to Europe, where they gave Homo neanderthalis; while those who remained in Africa have evolved into Modern Men (Homo sapiens). This period delivered wooden hunting weapons that were machined with good sharp stone tools. This implies a society that begins to structure itself to make the tools, the weapons, to process the slaughtered animals.

For more updates, please consider to follow me on Twitter at @GeoffreyMarchal.

Homo Heidelbergensis

***Homo neanderthalensis***

Location: La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France.

Age: 56,000 - 47,000 years B.P.

Material: plaster cast.

Dimensions: length, 243 mm; width, 159 mm; height, 143 mm.

Notes: RLA catalog no. 1979rp15 (cast).  Cranium, from an almost complete skeleton known as La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 or “The Old Man,” was discovered in 1908 by A. and J. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon.  The remains were first reported by Marcellin Boule in 1913.  Cast made by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Madelaine Azar.

Homo neanderthalensis (1979rp15-1) - cranium

Мужчина из грота Ля-Ферраси (Франция, департамент Дордонь). Типичный классический  европейский неандерталец (Homo neanderthalensis). Останки этого немолодого мужчины (возраст 45-50 лет) были обнаружены в погребении. Объём мозга – 1640 куб.см. Возраст находки – 68-75 тыс. лет
Автор реконструкции  М.М. Герасимов

Мужчина из грота Ля-Ферраси

This is a 3D Model of The Virtual Last Common Ancestor of Sapiens and Neanderthals it was used Advanced Photogrammetry based on video of

**‘Virtual fossil’ reveals last common ancestor of humans and Neanderthals**
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/virtual-fossil-reveals-last-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-neanderthals

Virtual Last Common Ancestor Sapiens/Neanderthal

Modeled from images of a real specimens. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) were a close relative of modern humans that lived across Europe and western Asia during the Pleistocene. They were well adapted to cold environments, with robust bodies and evidence of complex behavior including tool use, symbolic expression, and care for the injured. They declined and ultimately disappeared around 40,000 years ago, likely due to a combination of climate change, competition, and interbreeding with modern humans. Base model created with AI tools, then sculpted/edited in Blender for scientific accuracy.

Neanderthal Skull

*Neanderthal man, caveman* | hand-drawn illustration translated into 3D using Hunyuan3D-2.1

Caveman

I used Advanced Photogrammetry to generate a 3D model of The Virtual Last Common Ancestor Of Homo Sapiens And Neanderthals that was published on the following links:

**Virtual fossil’ reveals last common ancestor of humans and Neanderthals**
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/virtual-fossil-reveals-last-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-neanderthals

**Virtual ancestor reconstruction: Revealing the ancestor of modern humans and Neandertals**
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248415002729?utm_source=chatgpt.com


![](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/08/ab/ad/08abad34dd93a2f1ed228888d88a97d7.jpg)

The Last Common Ancestor: Sapiens/Neanderthals

Just wanted to cluster together what I believe lead to the Classic Neanderthal morphology.

In Africa: Homo Habilis and Homo Erectus.
Europe: Sima De Los Huesos SKull 5, Petralona and Amud 1 Neanderthal.

Neanderthalensis Lineage

1:1 Scale Full reconstruction(Cranium/Skull and Mandible/Jaw) The mandible/jaw used for this reconstruction is The Mauer 1 Heidelbergensis Jaw. Petralone is believed to be a Heidelbergensis or Early Neanderthal like Sima De Los Huesos.

STL File, Cranium and Mandible can be Separated using a 3D Slicer program like Prusa or Orca

My reconstruction follows the reconstruction done by the authors of this research
**Digital 3D facial approximation of the Petralona skul**
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X23003814

![](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2352409X23003814-gr1.jpg)

Petralona Complete Skull Reconstruction

This is a 1:1 3D Model of The Amud 1 Skull. It was generated by Advanced Photogrammetry Techniques of a Resin replica. I've checked the published Morphometric Analysis and Linear measurements and it's exceptionally accurate.

Amud 1 Neanderthal Skull Reconstruction

All models are 1:1 scale.

From left to right:

Bodo(African Heidelbergensis), Kabwe(African Heidelbergensis), Petralona(European Heidelbergensis), Herto(Sapeins), Harbin(Denisovan), Amud 1(Late Neanderthal)

Single STL File can be split on 3D printing slicer like Prusa/Orca

Large and Important Cranium Row

1:1 Scale 3D Model of The Amud 1 Neanderthal skull with Jaw reconstruction. It was generated using advanced Photogrammetry Techniques. The file is Obj and the mandible can se separated on a 3D Printing slicer program like Prusa/Orca so it can be printed separately because the skull and jaw have not been merged.

Amud 1 Neanderthal Reconstruction

1:1 Scale of The Petralona early Neanderthal Cranium, it was generated by Advanced Photogrametry techniques and technologies.

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