3D scan of a Terror-bird model from the species *Paraphysornis brasiliensis*. Members of the Phorusrhacidae family are commonly known under the term "terror birds". Species of these apex predators could reach a height up to 3 meters! They lived mainly in South America from the early Tertiary (55 million years ago) until the late glacial period. 

This model can be found in Hall 9 at the NHM Vienna.

**Specimen**: *Paraphysornis brasiliensis* (Alvarenga, 1982)

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2012/0007/0001

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by Nikola Brodtmann, Anna Haider & Viola Winkler (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Terror Bird (NHMW-GEO-2012/0007/0001)

Segmentation of a human skull plus 4 vertebrae from CT-scan of living person.

Full Skull

The potto (*Perodicticus potto*) is a small (30–40cm) species of primate closely related to lorises and lemurs that inhabits the rainforest canopies of tropical Africa. The potto is nocturnal and feeds mostly on fruit, but has strong jaws that enable it to eat tree gums that are too tough for many other animals; around 10% of its diet consists of insects. 

Whilst moving it is usually very quiet, but has few natural predators as large carnivorous mammals cannot reach the forest canopy, and co-occurring birds of prey hunt during the day. If threatened, the potto can use its specially sharpened and elongated neck vertebrae to butt at an opponent. 

This specimen forms part of the Lapworth’s Humphreys Collection. Digitisation was carried out using an Artec Spider 3D scanner by Rachel Kruft Welton.

Potto Skull BIRUG 18612

3D scan of a Plateosaurus (*Plateosaurus trossingensis*) skeleton. *Plateosaurus trossingensis* was an herbivore, “prosauropod” dinosaur with a small skull but a long neck and tail. This skeleton consists of original bones, as well as 3D print-reconstructions; details can be seen in the graphic below. 

![Plateosaurus](https://verlag.nhm-wien.ac.at/data/Sketchfab/Plateosaurus_Info.png)
© NHMW

The skeleton is on display in Hall 7 of the NHM Vienna.

**Species**: *Plateosaurus trossingensis* Fraas, 1913 

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich) – Permanent loan from the [Dinosaur Museum in Frick](https://sauriermuseum-frick.ch/en/)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by A.Festi, C.Guerin, A.Haider, P.Tranchet, V.Winkler (NHMW)

Normal map generated in xNormal (added June 2024).

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Plateosaurus Skeleton

3D scan of an original fossilized skeleton of a giant deer (*Megaloceros giganteus*) found in Ireland from the Late Pleistocene (ca. 12,000 years old). The males had a shoulder height of around 2.1 meters and their antlers are the largest known in any deer with a width up to 4 meters. The giant deer disappeared around 11,700 years ago in Europe, like many other animals from the Ice Age.

The skeleton of the giant deer can be found in Hall 16 at the NHM Vienna. 

**Specimen**: Giant deer or Irish elk, *Megaloceros giganteus* (Blumenbach, 1799) 

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-1876/0030/0003

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by Nikola Brodtmann, Anna Haider & Viola Winkler (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Giant Deer (NHMW-GEO-1876/0030/0003)

The giant isopod (*Bathynomus giganteus*) is a species of aquatic crustacean and a cousin to terrestrial "pill bugs" or "roly polies" that are commonly found under logs. These animals are found in cold waters with a depth between 310 to 2140 meters (1,020–7,020 ft) in the West Atlantic, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. The unusually large size of these isopods has been attributed to an effect called deep-sea gigantism, where invertebrates living in cold deep waters tend to grow larger and have longer lifespans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_isopod).

More info here: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/giant-isopods-curious-crustaceans-on-the-ocean-floor.html

Accession #: 93.16

Captured with Artec Spider 3D Scanner
https://www.artec3d.com/portable-3d-scanners/artec-spider-v2

Giant Isopod

This is one of NZ’s largest crabs and the leg span can be 1 metre or more across. King crabs belong to the Family Lithodidae or stone crabs, and a recent study of this group has shown that the New Zealand marine region is a hotspot for lithodid diversity.

*Lithodes* sp.

**Category:** Invertebrate
**Phylum:** Arthropoda
**Class:** Malacostraca
**Family: ** Lithodidae

More information on the [Niwa](https://www.niwa.co.nz/node/110347) website.

#AMNature
#AMCollections

King Crab

3D scan of an original fossilized skeleton of a saber-toothed cat (*Smilodon populator*) from the late Pleistocene. It was found in Río Areco in Argentina and is about 40,000 years old. 

The skeleton of the saber-toothed cat can be found in Hall 16 at the NHM Vienna. 

**Specimen**: Saber-toothed cat, *Smilodon populator* (Lund, 1842) 

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-1910/0102/0001

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by Nikola Brodtmann, Anna Haider & Viola Winkler (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Saber-Toothed Cat (NHMW-GEO-1910/0102/0001)

Smithsonian source data can be found [here](https://ids.si.edu/ids/media_view?id=3d_package:d8c623be-4ebc-11ea-b77f-2e728ce88125)

This media file is in the public domain (free of copyright restrictions). You can copy, modify, and distribute this work without contacting the Smithsonian. For more information and to review the 3D disclaimer, visit the Smithsonian’s [Terms of Use](https://www.si.edu/Termsofuse) page.

Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889

Common name: Dinosaur

Taxonomy: Animalia Chordata Vertebrata Sauropsida Reptilia Archosauria Dinosauria Ornithischia Ceratopsia Ceratopsidae

Published Name: Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889

USNM Number: PAL500000

Data Source: NMNH - Paleobiology Dept.

EDAN-URL: edanmdm:nmnhpaleobiology_3572783

Triceratops Horridus Marsh

Smithsonian source data can be found [here](https://ids.si.edu/ids/media_view?id=3d_package:341c96cd-f967-4540-8ed1-d3fc56d31f12)

This media file is in the public domain (free of copyright restrictions). You can copy, modify, and distribute this work without contacting the Smithsonian. For more information and to review the 3D disclaimer, visit the Smithsonian’s [Terms of Use](https://www.si.edu/Termsofuse) page.

Mammuthus primigenius (Blumbach)

Collector: Otto (?) Geist  

Place: Alaska, United States

Collection Date: 1952

Common Name: mammoth

Taxonomy: Animalia Chordata Vertebrata Synapsida Mammalia Eutheria Afrotheria Proboscidea Elephantidae

Published Name: Mammuthus primigenius (Blumbach)

USNM Number: V23792

Data Source: NMNH - Paleobiology Dept.
    
EDAN-URL: edanmdm:nmnhpaleobiology_3447777

Mammuthus primigenius (Blumbach)

Skull of a wild bobcat, Lynx rufus, provided to WitmerLab by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. The skull was µCT-scanned with a voxel size of 90 µm at the OUµCT facility and accessioned into the Ohio University Vertebrate Collections as OUVC 9576. The STL was generated by WitmerLab PhD student Don Cerio using Avizo. Don created a series of other open-access resources as part of the WitmerLab's Visible Interactive Animal series: The Visible Interactive Bobcat: http://www.ohio.edu/people/witmerl/3D_bobcat.htm.

Ohio Bobcat - skull - OUVC 9576

One of the largest sauropod dinosaurs found in China, its fossil was found at the crossing of MaMingXi in Yibin City. It is identified as sauropod subfamily. The total length of this genus is about 22 meters and the body height is nearly 7 meters. Its neck is very long, equivalent to half of its body length. It not only forms the length of each cervical vertebrae, but also has 19 cervical vertebrae, which is the most common species of sauropods. In addition, the neck is the longest of all dinosaurs (up to 12.1 meters). Compared with the cervical spine, the dorsal, sacral and caudal vertebrae are relatively less.

Mamen River Dragon

3D scan of a skeleton cast of the *Diplodocus carnegii*. These dinosaurs roamed North America 150 million years ago, during the Morrison formation in the Jurassic. 

This cast was gifted to Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1909 from the American tycoon Mr. Andrew Carnegie. The original skeleton of “Dippy” is mounted in the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburg, PA, USA.

The *Diplodocus* skeleton is the biggest exhibit at the NHM Vienna and Number 29 of the NHM Top 100. It can be found in Hall 10.

**Specimen**: *Diplodocus carnegii* Hatcher, 1901

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-1909/0004/0003

**Origin**: Sheep Creek, Wyoming, USA

**Collection**: NHMW, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm.at/en).

Scanned by Robin Koger, Manuel Preslmayr, Rayyan Salem Ahmed, Viola Winkler & Anna Haider (NHM Wien)

Edited by A. Haider and V. Winkler

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

3D model updated on 26.6.2024

Diplodocus carnegii (NHMW-GEO-1909/0004/0003)

Digital replica of a neck vertebra from a dog (*Canis lupus familiaris*). This is the seventh vertebra in the vertebral column when counting down from the head and is also identified as C7, the seventh cervical vertebra.

The 3D Dog Bone Project is a collaboration between the Institute of Vet, Animal & Biomedical Sciences and the Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences at Massey University, New Zealand.
This model is a high-fidelity 3D scan and is suitable for use as an anatomically-accurate teaching resource. 3D scan data were collected using an SLS-2 structured light scanner (DAVID Vision Systems) and data were processed to create a model with 0.2 mm resolution. This model can be downloaded and 3D printed.

Information about the size of the scanned bone is coming soon.

For placement of this bone in the dog skeleton see: https://sketchfab.com/models/65a6c5db1c4c477aba475af5d86d59a5

3D Dog Bone Project: C7 vertebra

Stylosaurus lived in the late Cretaceous. It is a kind of dinosaur of chordate, vertebrate, Sauropoda, amphoraceae, ornithoraceae, stylosaurus. It is about 2.4 meters long and 1 meter high. It is similar to wild goat in shape and habits. It is a mysterious dinosaur decorated with highly developed bone plates and spines on the top, back and mouth and nose of the dinosaur. It is named after hell Creek in Montana, USA.

Stygimoloch

Digital replica of a bone in the vertebral column of a dog (*Canis lupus familiaris*). This vertebra is in the lower back of the dog and is  identified as L1, the first lumbar vertebra.

The 3D Dog Bone Project is a collaboration between the Institute of Vet, Animal & Biomedical Sciences and the Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences at Massey University, New Zealand.
This model is a high-fidelity 3D scan and is suitable for use as an anatomically-accurate teaching resource. 3D scan data were collected using an SLS-2 structured light scanner (DAVID Vision Systems) and data were processed to create a model with 0.2 mm resolution. This model can be downloaded and 3D printed.

Information about the size of the scanned bone is coming soon.

For placement of this bone in the dog skeleton see: https://sketchfab.com/models/65a6c5db1c4c477aba475af5d86d59a5

3D Dog Bone Project: L1 vertebra

This 3D model is a repost of [this data](https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/terror-bird-nhmw-geo-201200070001-5847cc0ce8584b26a40056491bc618ca) published by the [Naturhistorisches Museum Wien](https://sketchfab.com/NHMWien), optimized for AR / VR using [rapidcompact.com](https://rapidcompact.com/). 

993.6k faces > 30k (97% reduction!).

> This model can be found in Hall 9 at the Natural History Museum of Vienna.
> 
> Specimen: Paraphysorins brasiliensis (Alvarenga, 1982)
> 
> Inventory number: NHMW-Geo 2012/0007/0001
> 
Collection: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology and Paleontology Department, Vertebrate Collection (curator: Ursula Göhlich)
> 
> Find out more about the NHM Vienna [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).
> 
Scanned and edited by Nikola Brodtmann, Anna Haider, Viola Winkler (NHMW)
> 
> Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Terror Bird NHMW - Optimized OBJ

3D scan of a skeleton of the extinct *Deinotherium* (translates to "terrible beast") or hoe tusker, that came to the Natural History Museum Vienna in 1885. The bones of this prehistoric elephant were found in Franzensbad, Czech Republic and originates from the Middle Miocene. 

The Deinotherium is Number 25 of the NHM Top 100 and can be found in Hall 9 of the NHM Vienna. 

**Specimen**: *Deinotherium* or hoe tusker, *Prodeinotherium bavaricum* (Meyer 1831) 

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2000/0047/0000

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by Nikola Brodtmann & Viola Winkler (NHM Wien)

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Hoe Tusker (NHMW-GEO-2000/0047/0000)

3D scan of a Protoceratops (*Protoceratops andrewsi*) skeleton. *Protoceratops andrewsi* was a horned dinosaur (Ceratopsia) the same group to which the Triceratops also belongs. Protoceratops lived in late Cretaceous (75 - 71 millions years ago) in Asia. 

The skeleton was found in Mongolia and bought by the NHMW in 1998.

Do you want to 3D print the skull of this skeleton? [Find the 3D model here.](https://www.printables.com/de/model/973084-protoceratops-andrewsi-nhmw-geo-201504040001/comments)

**Specimen**:  *Protoceratops andrewsi* (Granger & Gregory, 1923) 

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2015/0404/0001

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by Clara Winkler and Viola Winkler (NHMW)

Scanner skull: Artec Space Spider.

Scanner body: Artec Leo.

Assembled in Blender.

Protoceratops andrewsi (NHMW-GEO-2015/0404/0001)

Digital replica of the atlas from a dog (*Canis lupus familiaris*). The atlas is the vertebra in the neck that sits just behind the head and is also identified as C1, the first cervical vertebra.

The 3D Dog Bone Project is a collaboration between the Institute of Vet, Animal & Biomedical Sciences and the Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences at Massey University, New Zealand.
This model is a high-fidelity 3D scan and is suitable for use as an anatomically-accurate teaching resource. 3D scan data were collected using an SLS-2 structured light scanner (DAVID Vision Systems) and data were processed to create a model with 0.2 mm resolution. This model can be downloaded and 3D printed.

Information about the size of the scanned bone is coming soon.

For placement of this bone in the dog skeleton see: https://sketchfab.com/models/65a6c5db1c4c477aba475af5d86d59a5

3D Dog Bone Project: Atlas

3D scan of a Southern stout-legged moa (*Euryapteryx curtus gravis*) skeleton from the Holocene. Moas are extinct birds that lived on New Zealand. This skeleton was donated to the museum by Dr. Julius Ritter von Haast in 1884. 

This specific skeleton is housed backstage, but complete skeletons of both a southern giant moa (*Dinornis robustus*, formally called *Dinornis maximus*) and another stout-legged moa are number 77 of the NHM Top 100 and can be found in Hall 30 of the NHM Vienna. Three more skeletons of different moa species are on display in the Ice Age (Eiszeit) corridor.

**Specimen**: Southern stout-legged moa, *Euryapteryx curtus gravis* (Owen, 1870)

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2021/0008/0001

**Collection**: NHMW, Geology & Paleontology Dept., Vertebrate Coll. (curator: Ursula Göhlich)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm.at/en).

Scanned & edited by N. Brodtmann, A. Haider & V. Winkler (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

S. Stout-legged Moa (NHMW-GEO-2021/0008/0001)

Smithsonian source data can be found [here](https://ids.si.edu/ids/media_view?id=3d_package:3fc3b13c-af28-4186-8d73-5765469d8190)

This media file is in the public domain (free of copyright restrictions). You can copy, modify, and distribute this work without contacting the Smithsonian. For more information and to review the 3D disclaimer, visit the Smithsonian’s [Terms of Use](https://www.si.edu/Termsofuse) page.

Eremotherium laurillardi

Collector: Gazin, Pearce, Marteo  

Place: Herrera Prov, Panama

Collection Date:1951

Taxonomy: Animalia Chordata Vertebrata Synapsida Mammalia Eutheria Xenarthra Pilosa Folivora Megatheriidae

Published Name: Eremotherium laurillardi Eremotherium rusconi Schaub

USNM Number: V20867

Data Source: NMNH - Paleobiology Dept.

EDAN-URL:  edanmdm:nmnhpaleobiology_3447759

Eremotherium laurillardi

Emperor Scorpions (*Pandinus imperator*) are among the largest and most iconic scorpions in the world. Native to West Africa, they can grow up to 8 inches long and are known for their glossy black exoskeleton and powerful pincers. Despite their intimidating appearance, emperor scorpions are relatively docile and use their pincers more than their mild venom to subdue prey.

They thrive in humid environments like tropical forests and burrows, feeding on insects, spiders, and small vertebrates. Their nocturnal habits and sensitivity to vibrations make them stealthy hunters. In captivity, they’re popular among enthusiasts due to their manageable temperament and striking look.

While their sting is comparable to a bee’s, emperor scorpions play a vital ecological role and are studied for their fluorescent properties under UV light. Their blend of size, strength, and gentleness makes them a fascinating ambassador of the Scorpiones order.

Emperor Scorpion

**Brazilian Wandering Spider (Phoneutria spp.)**
   - Highly venomous, aggressive.
   - Known for hiding in banana shipments.

**The Brazilian Wandering Spider (*Phoneutria* spp.) is one of the most venomous spiders in the world**, earning its reputation through potent neurotoxic venom and aggressive behavior. Native to tropical South America, especially Brazil, it belongs to the family Ctenidae and includes species like *Phoneutria nigriventer* and *P. fera*.

Unlike web-building spiders, it roams at night in search of prey, using its speed and strength to ambush insects and small vertebrates. Its bite can cause intense pain, muscle spasms, and in rare cases, serious medical complications, though antivenom has greatly reduced fatalities.

The nickname “banana spider” stems from its occasional presence in banana shipments, sparking fear and fascination worldwide. Despite its notoriety, the Brazilian Wandering Spider plays a vital ecological role and studied for its venom’s potential in medical research.

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