Coyote Skull - FW1521

*Canis lupus familiaris*
The dog is a domesticated carnivoran of the family *Canidae*. It is part of the wolf-like canids and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct. The dog was the first species to be domesticated, and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities and physical attributes.

Accession number: 33.16

Domestic Dog Skull

The grey fox (*Urocyon cinereoargenteus*) is an omnivorous mammal of the family *Canidae*, widespread throughout North America and Central America. Though it was once the most common fox in the eastern United States, and still is found there, human advancement and deforestation allowed the red fox to become more dominant. The grey fox is the only American canid that can climb trees. Its specific epithet *cinereoargenteus* means "ashen silver".

For more information about the grey fox, see https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Urocyon_cinereoargenteus/

Accession number: 21.85  

Captured with Artec Spider 3D Scanner
https://www.artec3d.com/portable-3d-scanners/artec-spider-v2

Grey Fox skull

Every scene on this rock has its own interest.  This area of Rock 5 seems to specialise in Canid images.  Dogs can be recognised in Valcamonica rock art by their curled, upright tails & their extended bodies with short legs.  Wolves are depicted with a very similar canine appearance but have downward-pointing tails (see the Cemmo boulders, which have the two depictions close on the same panel).  Here on Rock 5, there are two separate packs of hounds.

My favourite figure on the rock is the very simply-drawn matchstick man warrior to the left of centre. His arms, legs and body are fundamentally just a star shape, but the addition of a basic head and a rudimentary sword & shield, plus the subtle shaping of his limbs embue him with a strong, evocative warrior stance.  Simple but very effective and artistic (to my eye anyway!).  I couldn't guess at the period, as I have not seen anything else like him elsewhere, but I would instinctively place him perhaps in the Late Bronze Age.

Valcamonica, Bedolina Rock 5 (5)

Foxes are small-to-medium-sized omnivorous mammals in the Canidae family, recognized by their bushy tails (brushes), pointed snouts, and upright triangular ears. Highly adaptable, they live globally in diverse habitats—including cities—and are known for being solitary hunters, nocturnal, and clever, often using scent to mark trails.

Bat-eared Fox

This rock was long known by local inhabitants as the 'Puppet Stone' in reference to the carvings upon it.  The main facing containing most of the engravings is badly damaged, especially the lower part, which remained underground for a long time.

To date over 150 engravings have been identified, including many animals, a dagger and a ploughing scene.  The animals include; stags with large antlers, fawns, chamois with short, hooked horns, ibex with backward-fgacing horns and swine (wild boars & pigs).  The canids, depicted in groups with downward-pointing tails, are interpreted as a pack of wolves.  The cattle, without horns or tails, may represent young oxen or cows grazing.

The presence of daggers which closely resemble finds from the graveyard of Remedello Sotto, dates most of the figures to 2900-2500 BC.  A few animals depicted in a dynamic style, similar to that of figures on the Cemmo 3 & 4 stelae, may be attributed to the Bell Beaker Culture (2500-2200 BC).

Valcamonica, Massi di Cemmo - Boulder 1

Located about 15m south of Cemmo 1, this boulder has an engraved northern face.  The surface has flaked in a few places, with a loss of engravings along the right edge and central part.  Two triangular gaps at the bottom divide the rock into three portions.

The figures include animals (ibex, fawns and canids, including packs of wolves and a dog, depicted with its tail up), weapons (an axe, a halberd and several daggers), human figures, a ploughing scene and a cart.  

No superimposition of decorations has been observed on Cemmo 2, and the engravings, made with a small, are homogeneous.

The two most interesting figures are engraved on the western portion: a cart with four, disc-shaped wheels and a plough.  Both of these are pulled by pairs of oxen with long, curved horns.  The Copper Age ploughs engraved on boulders are of the 'ard' variety, well adapted to mountain soils.  

The uniform style of the entire engraved surface may be dated to 2900-2500 BC by the presence of Remedello-type daggers.

Valcamonica, Massi di Cemmo - Boulder 2

Kidney-shaped effigy vessel representing a reclining dog or canid emerging from the body of the vessel. The canine figure preserves traces of black paint and incised lines defining the legs, as well as perforations in the head area. The genitalia are exposed, and the figure wears a necklace of rounded beads. The remainder of the vessel features vertical walls, a divergent neck, and an everted rim, decorated with orange-painted triangles filled with inclined parallel lines. The overall silhouette is curved and irregular.

 IDAEH Cultural Property No. 1.2.179.0193
 
www.fundacionrutamaya.org

Special thanks to the staff of La Ruta Maya Foundation for their hard work on this project.

3D model made in RealityScan; Total # of images: 365

Effigy Vessel

Gazelle Model for skills canidian competition / April 2026

Gazelle

Ancient twelve-foot hexapodal predators (four legs, two arms, canid bio-armored skulls) who mastered biotechnology by growing living spacecraft instead of building them. So technologically advanced that even Predators feared them. Bred Xenomorphs for their own purposes without honor or restraint. Left the Milky Way for another galaxy millennia ago, but their abandoned bio-cities and ships still function, maintained by their created species, the Faze. The Yautja believe the Drukathi secretly manipulate galactic events from afar to prevent other species from rivaling their power.

This model was generated using Meshy, an AI-powered 3D creation toolkit. Meshy helps creators turn ideas into high-quality 3D models with ease. View the original model and claim a free month of Pro on Meshy: [https://www.meshy.ai/s/rmvyaH](https://www.meshy.ai/s/rmvyaH)

Drukathi Ground Strider

Zoomorphic whistle representing a seated feline or canid. Upright ears are visible, along with an open snout exposing the teeth, a prominent abdomen, and exposed genitalia. Incised lines across the facial area, possibly alluding skin folds. These traits may correspond to the depiction of a hairless dog, such as the Xoloitzcuintle, whose characteristic morphology includes pronounced facial wrinkles. It wears a collar composed of circular beads, with a central pendant depicting an anthropomorphic face. Traces of red, black, and blue paint remain. The whistle consists of a resonance chamber, two finger holes, and a mouthpiece with an air duct.

 IDAEH Cultural Property No.  1.2.30.118
 
www.fundacionrutamaya.org

Special thanks to the staff of La Ruta Maya Foundation for their hard work on this project.

3D model made using Artec Space Spider

Whistle Figurine

Zoomorphic ocarina representing what appears to be a small canid (dog). The piece is made of  clay with an orange polished surface. The features are modeled with incisions for the head and face. Traces of blue paint on its ears. It is an instrument with 3 globular chambers in a ""V"" or ""L"" arrangement, with two pairs of tone holes in the chambers that correspond to the head and the front body. The mouthpiece, of direct blow, is in the part that corresponds to the tail of the figurine.

 IDAEH Cultural Property No. 1.2.144.0811
 
www.fundacionrutamaya.org

Special thanks to the staff of La Ruta Maya Foundation for their hard work on this project.

3D model made using Artec Space Spider

Poliglobular ocarina small dog effigy

Zoomorphic whistle with the image of a sitting canid or dog with its head looking slightly upward. Rope collar around its neck. Piece made with a mold with details by hand.

 IDAEH Cultural Property No. 1.2.144.0610
 
www.fundacionrutamaya.org

Special thanks to the staff of La Ruta Maya Foundation for their hard work on this project.

3D model made using Artec Space Spider

Dog with Collar

Effigy vessel with a ring-shaped body in the form of a canid (dog) or feline. The limbs are slightly raised and marked by grooves. A vertical blowpipe (formerly known as a "spout") represents the tail. The head, with an open snout, protrudes from the body, looking upwards. NAA of the paste indicates that its place of manufacture was in the surroundings of Escuintla (Sin Cabezas area).

 IDAEH Cultural Property No. 1.2.179.0014
 
www.fundacionrutamaya.org

Special thanks to the staff of La Ruta Maya Foundation for their hard work on this project.

3D model made in RealityScan; Total # of images: 384

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