2200 satellites orbits and 67000 flight routes visualized in 3D 🛰️✈️ !

### Info

* Orbits are correctly scaled.
* Maximum airplanes altitude is overly exaggerated (by a factor of ~300).
* I'd advice you to visit the [Europen Space Agency (ESA) website](https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Types_of_orbits) to understand the different types of orbits, and learn why the ISS orbits around Earth in ~1h40 or why your satellite dish needs to be precisely calibrated.

### Orbits categories

* Dark blue: Communications
* Light blue: Earth Observation (optical, radar, meteo...)
* Red/Orange: Positioning systems (GPS, Galileo, BeiDou...)
* Green: R&D and Space science

### Resources

* Orbits: https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database
* Airports and routes: https://github.com/jpatokal/openflights/
* Landmask/borders: http://www.shadedrelief.com/natural3/pages/extra.html

<br>

**Note:** Randomizing orbits Z-rotation (more realistic) looks like:

![](https://i.imgur.com/KSQTqVK.jpg)

Of Planes and Satellites

The [shield](https://goo.gl/mur2Uz) is part of a [suit of armour](https://goo.gl/HiWXTM) that was delivered to the [King](https://goo.gl/9fGJux) in 1562. The whole set was problably made in [Arboga](https://goo.gl/SgXxA1) and then sent to [Antwerp](https://goo.gl/nQdMm8) where it was decorated by the goldsmith Eliseus Libaerts, following drawings by the French artist [Etienne Delaune](https://goo.gl/QqLbuv). To create the relief decor the steel has been [chased](https://goo.gl/FzoAbd), [embossed](https://goo.gl/i8gDzz), [etched](https://goo.gl/mKJri6) and [gilded](https://goo.gl/XSUdps). The motif is inspired by tales from antiquity and depicts [amazons](https://goo.gl/nqvY1j) fighting male warriors. It is probably a battle scene from the [Trojan war](https://goo.gl/LXsTkq). According to the myth the amazons supported [King Priam of Troy](https://goo.gl/QBjvTe) in the war but also lost their queen [Penthesileia](https://goo.gl/YvCSFg) when she was killed by [Achilles](https://goo.gl/TVPqit).

The Parade Shield of King Erik XIV of Sweden

Full name: **Seventeenth-century Italian hydria apothecary vase**

A hydria-type apothecary maiolica vase created in Savona (Italy) in the late 17th century. Handles in the shape of (fantastic) animal heads on massive bent necks. At the front, towards the bottom of the vase, a gargoyle in relief. Plugged with regular cork, its mouth doubles as an opening for pouring out the contents of the vase. Smaller gargoyles, without any openings, located under the handles, alongside the vase.

Exhibit from the collection of apothecary ceramics donated to the Museum in 1976 by Mateusz Bronisław Grabowski, a Polish-British, London-based pharmacist.

**For more images and further information, visit:** https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/577

Inventory number: KGZ 5919

Localisation of the physical object: Pharmacy Museum, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

**Digitalisation: Regional Digitalisation Lab, Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków, Poland; “Virtual Museums of Małopolska” project**

Hydria apothecary vase

The Tōhoku earthquake (9.1 magnitude) hit Japan on March 11, 2011 for a duration of 5 minutes, and was followed by a tsunami which claimed the life of close to 16.000 people.  

The seismic events shown took place on that same day, between 01h41 and 23h59 (GMT). At 0.5X animation speed, 1 second of animation = 1 hour in real time.

The main earthquake happened at 05h46 (1:80 mark in the animation), and slowing down the animation speed to 0.1X or keeping manual control around this event should allow you to better understand the aftershocks propagation.

Data:

* Topography and bathymetry: [Etopo1 Global Relief Model](https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/global.html)
* Earthquakes: [ANSS Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog](https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/comcat/)
* Fault plane: [Slab2:  A Comprehensive Subduction Zone Geometry Model](https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PV6JNV)

Created with python and blender ( and love :) )

*NEXT: add focal mechanisms, better metadata, funkier colormaps and superimpose historical maps?*

Tōhoku earthquake - 2011

Ellora is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Hindu, Buddhist and Jain monuments, and artwork, dating from the 600–1000 CE period.Cave 16, in particular, features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailasha temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Lord Shiva. The Kailasha temple excavation also features sculptures depicting the gods, goddesses and mythologies found in Vaishnavism, Shaktism as well as relief panels summarizing the two major Hindu Epics.

There are over 100 caves at the site, all excavated from the basalt cliffs in the Charanandri HillsAll of the Ellora monuments were built during Hindu dynasties such as the Rashtrakuta dynasty, which constructed part of the Hindu and Buddhist caves, and the Yadava dynasty, which constructed a number of the Jain caves.

Ellora Caves | India

The lion of Goddess Ishtar, Nye Carlsberg Glyptotek (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with Memento Beta.

1-3 The lshtar Gate in Babylon Nebuchadnezar (604-562 BC), the King of Babylon, started a series of ambitious building projects including the richly decorated lshtar Gate. A long processional avenue linked the sacred gate to the temple of the city god Marduk and his famous temple tower, known from the Bible as the Tower of  Babel. The facades of the lshtar Gate were decorated with reliefs in glazed tile, representing a dragon, Marduk's emblem, and a bull symbolising the weather god Adad. The processional route away
from the city was decorated with lions, the animals of Ishtar, goddess of love and war, They were to guard against advancing enemies, as is indicated by
the name ofthe gateway: Ishtar conquers its enemy.

The lion of Goddess Ishtar

This large eagle once stood atop the old First National Bank in downtown Sioux Falls. When the building was demolished during urban renewal, this eagle and a pair of bas-relief panels of Native Americans were salvaged. They are all at street level at the west entrance to the current bank.

The eagle is carved from Indiana limestone, in the Art Deco style, and dates from about 1929. It has stylistic simularities to other eagles carved from the same limestone. Possibly it was based on a modified generic pattern used repeatedly for various architectural sculptures.

This eagle is a beloved local landmark on Phillips Avenue, in downtown Sioux Falls, SD.

Eagle Sculpture

Seated Buddha preaching. Unusually for this hand gesture, the Buddha wears the over-robe on both shoulders with a thick curved neckline, an edge lying below the right forearm, the semi-circle between the legs rather deep and the fall of gathered drapery from the left wrist, where the backthrow may be visible, undulating in high relief to lie splayed and almost flat on the seat. 

Height: 95 centimetres Width: 53 centimetres Diameter: 24 centimetres 
COL: [RRI5353](http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?partId=1&objectId=225497)

Made by Daniel Pett from 49 photographs taken with a Nikon D5100

Buddha Preaching

[Louvre Museum, Paris, France.](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiaque_de_Dend%C3%A9rah)

The sculptured Dendera zodiac (or Denderah zodiac) is a widely known Egyptian bas-relief from the ceiling of the pronaos (or portico) of a chapel dedicated to Osiris in the Hathor temple at Dendera, containing images of Taurus (the bull) and Libra (the scales). This chapel was begun in the late Ptolemaic period; its pronaos was added by the emperor Tiberius. This led Jean-François Champollion to date the relief to the Greco-Roman period, but most of his contemporaries believed it to be of the New Kingdom.

The relief, which John H. Rogers characterised as "the only complete map that we have of an ancient sky", has been conjectured in the past to represent the basis on which later astronomy systems were based.

Dendera Zodiac - Louvre

Cyberpunk style Shader Ball design, with PBR material,
This Geometry was designed with the purpose of visualizing materials and masks in Substance Painter integrating different types of relief, such as hard surfaces, curves, inciersion, bevels, etc.

PS : Editable Subtance Painter File

**Don't forget to give me your feedback**

Shader Ball JL 01

St Michael’s Church, Rosemary Lane, Conwy LL32 8HY


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross


http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-87416-crucifixion-and-stations-of-the-cross-at-#.WK-GqpMzNC0

"Many Roman Catholic churches have a set of depictions of the 12 Stations of the Cross* but usually indoors. Rarely are they displayed outdoors in such a remarkable setting as here. The scenes of the Easter story are portrayed in 13 reliefs and the Calvary, the free-standing sculpture depicting Christ on the cross."

source: http://historypoints.org/index.php?page=marble-sculptures-st-michael-s-church


Consider this process a work in practice, I will clean all the meshes and textures over time and update.  The background wall and tower needs finishing with high res texture and normals maps to improve the realism, I appreciate the lighting needs work along with background to improve the presentation of these fantastic pieces, there really is alot for me to do on this one.

Conwy Town Walls 'Stations of the Cross'

Relief representation of a visit to a patient. The stone relief, which is reminiscent of the former Mautner Markhof'sche children's hospital, shows a doctor taking the pulse of a girl. The depiction is located within a window-like frame decorated with flower garlands and a woman's mask. The relief was created by Carl Kundmann and dates from 1873.

Relief

Chiesa San Pietro - Backside Facade  (Tuscania - VT)
San Pietro is a Romanesque and Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church just outside Tuscania, province of Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy.
Facade of the church
The façade has a large rose window, decked with mosaics, hedged at the corners by the symbols of the four evangelists, and flanked by reliefs with elaborate carvings of plants, menagerie of animals, and a complex iconography of saints and figures of the old testament.
Below is a loggietta and on the ground is a sculpted main portal with a large rounded arch. The nave is flanked by rounded Romanesque arches and leads to a presbytery with a Ciborium for main altar. The presbytery has a geometric mosaic floor. The crypt has gothic tracery.
wikipedia

coordinates: 42.412855, 11.878552

photogrammetry: 55 photos

Chiesa San Pietro - Backside  (Tuscania) RAWscan

"Assyrian kings ruled the world's largest empire prior to the rise of Persia in the 6th century bc, consolidating lands from Iran to Egypt [...] Masterfully executed with incised details and exaggerated musculature, this giant, fierce, protective spirit raises his right hand in a ritual salute. His left hand grasps a branch bearing rosettes, perhaps a stylized date palm. Across the center of the relief are inscribed lines of Akkadian cuneiform recounting military victories, conquests, plundered loot, and the reconstruction of the city. Destroyed in 612 bc, the palace lay buried for 24 centuries until rediscovered in 1845."

Neo-Assyrian, Iraq, Nimrud, Northwest Palace, reign of Ashurnasirpal II, 9th Century BC

Gypsum, Overall: 229.9 x 137 cm (90 1/2 x 53 7/8 in). Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1943.246

Location: 102A Ancient Near East

Online musuem record:
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1943.246

Photogrammetry by Thomas Flynn

1943.246 Saluting Protective Spirit, 883-859 BC

Alexander the Great Sets Fire to Persepolis, Relief in marble. Executed in 1865 by Brynjulf Larsen Bergslien and Christian Constantin Olsen under the supervision af H.W. Bissen, after Thorvaldsen’s original model from 1832. (A 514). Thorvaldsen Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with Memento Beta (now ReMake) from AutoDesk.

In Thorvaldsen’s work, Alexander the Great is mainly associated with the  so-called Alexander Frieze from 1812. What is portrayed here is a rather different aspect of Alexander’s personality: In the Alexander Frieze, Alexander arrives at Babylon as a peace-loving hero - indeed, as a god. In this relief, Alexander is drunk, and is allowing himself to be tempted by his mistress to carry out a terrible deed, namely, to set fire to the Persians’ capital city, Persepolis. Among the other figures, we can see Alexander’s friend Parmenio, who is attempting to restrain him; while on the far left a Persian can be seen leaving in despair.

For more updates, please follow @GeoffreyMarchal on Twitter.

Alexander the Great Sets Fire to Persepolis

At EROS Data Center is a large globe that NASA commissioned to familiarize the astronauts with Earth's geography. This was in part so the astronauts could figure out where they were while in orbit. I snapped about 63 photos with my LG G4 in manual mode to create this raised relief map. Enjoy!

Africa 3D map

Model of a large (68cm or 27 inches wide) bronze shengding food vessel from southern China, now in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art.

From the object's description on artsmia.org:

*Around the cauldron body are six kui (single horn) dragons in high relief climbing upward toward the lid. Supporting the vessel are three stout legs with stylized dragon masks cast into their shoulders. The surface is ornamented with interlaced dragons, incised scale patterns, and overlapping feather-like motifs. While most of the ornament was made by traditional piece-mold bronze-casting technology, the six dragons, with their complex, perforated shapes, were made separately with the lost-wax method.*

More information about the model here:

https://collections.artsmia.org/art/98381/shengding-food-vessel-china

Shengding Food Vessel, around 575 BCE

Back: Relief of the Bodhi tree and an empty dias with Buddhapada on the step, flying celestials above and kneeling worshippers on each side. 

Front: Relief depicting a stūpa with a figure of the Buddha standing at the entrance; about the dome of the stūpa flying celestials, some playing instruments. On the dome are relief panels depicting the Gift of Sujātā, the Conversion of Nanda, the First Sermon, the Great Departure, the Birth of the Buddha and Māyā's Dream.

Height: 124.37 centimetres
Width: 86.25 centimetres
Thickness: 12.5 centimetres
1st Century BC (obverse face) 
3rd Century  (reverse face)

COL entry:  http://bit.ly/2cSDUtK

Produced from 410 full resolution photographs taken by Thomas Flynn with a Canon G7x. Model processed by Daniel Pett.

[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/99800839.svg)](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/99800839)

Amaravati double-sided relief

Pedestal to the flag pole with allegorical reliefs, venice, St. Mark´s place, mideel flag pole, leopardi, Italian, 1501-5. The Royal Cast Collection (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with Memento Beta (now Remake) from Autodesk.

For more updates, please follow @GeoffreyMarchal on Twitter.

Pedestal to the flag pole

12th-11th Century BCE Gui (food vessel) in the collection of the Minneapolis Institute of Art.

From the object's description on artsmia.org:
"Stylized animal motifs predominate Shang bronze decor. The dragon, snake, cicada, ram, owl, tiger and even elephant can all be found. These creatures were almost always subordinate to the taotie mask which typically dominates the largest or most important register of nearly all Shang bronzes. This exquisite food bowl has three such masks clearly cast in high relief encircling its cauldron. Below each mask, in the foot band, are two confronting dragons shown in profile, while four similar dragons appear above each mask in the top decorative band..."

More information:
http://collections.artsmia.org/art/833/food-vessel-yu-china

Made with a few hundred 20MP photos, built in PhotoScan.

Contact permissions@artsmia.org for a higher-res file.

Here's the STL of the object on Thingiverse:

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1561311

Gui (Chinese food vessel)

Cupid revives Psyche, relief in marble, after the original model from 1810, Thorvaldsen Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with Memento beta (now ReMake) from AutoDesk.

With his arrow, Cupid rouses his beloved Psyche. She had succumbed to the temptation to open the jar from the underworld, which turned out to contain a poisonous vapor, rather than a cosmetic.

For more updates, please follow @GeoffreyMarchal on Twitter.

Cupid revives Psyche

Relief at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. The depiction shows two griffins facing each other, with a floral decoration all around.

The ages of love (A426), relief in marble, after the original model from 1824. Thorvaldsen Museum (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with ReMake and ReCap from Autodesk.

In this relief we see a winged Psyche in the role of distributing small angelic figures known as cupids, symbolizing love. Psyches gives these cupids to women and men, young and old. There is the young woman kneeling in adorationof her cupid. There is the woman who embraces and kisses her cupid, and the woman who has lost interest in hers. There is the man who is too tired to take an interest in his cupid, and there is the old man who reaches out for his, but cannot catch it. The relief is based on a model from classical antiquity.

For more updates, please follow @GeoffreyMarchal on Twitter.

The ages of love

Relief Niche, Knight in armor and with shield, plaster cast, deposited in 1992. Dimensions: 148 x 71.5 x 43 cm. KASDep. 63/2 (ref: KAS2914/2). The original is found in the cathedral, midship, Reims Gothic, approx. 1250-60.The Royal Cast Collection (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with Memento Beta (now ReMake) from AutoDesk.

For more updates, please follow @GeoffreyMarchal on Twitter.

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