**Especie:** Homo sapiens sapiens
**Capacidad craneal:** 1600 cc.
**Edad:** 0´000150 M.a 
**Localidad:** España
**Clasificación:** família Hominidae, género Homo 
**Material:** cráneo completo, dimensiones: 21´5 x 15 x 15´5 cm.
**Técnica:** ** fotogrametría
**Cámara:** Sony DSC HX60V 
**Autor:** Jose Luis Herraiz
**Nº registro/Colección:**MGUV  "Evolución Humana"  Museo de la Universitat de València de Historia Natural (Burjassot, Valencia, España)

**Referencia bibliográfica:** Climent, A. V., Herraiz, J. L., Villena, J. A., Máñez, T. S., Boisset-Castells, E., Conejero, N., García-Forner, A. & Pérez, C. M. (2019). La holografía como herramienta para la divulgación del patrimonio paleontológico: La colección de paleontología humana del museu de la universitat de valència de historia natural. Zubía, (31), 275-280.

![](https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51911820008_28c013ab36_z.jpg)

Homo sapiens sapiens skull

3D scan of a fossil human skull excavated in the Mladeč Caves, Czech Republic, in 1881. With an absolute age of ca. 31,000 years, the Mladeč 1 skull is one of the oldest securely dated *Homo sapiens* finds in Europe. It provides rare insights into the morphology of our species in the European Upper Paleolithic. 

The Mladeč 1 skull is Number 47 of the NHM Top 100. The valuable original is not on display in the exhibition halls, but a cast can be found in Hall 14 of the NHM Vienna.

**Specimen**: Mladeč 1 skull

**Inventory number**: NHMW-ANTHRO-OSTE-5454

**Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, Anthropology Dept. (curator: Sabine Eggers)

Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en).

Scanned and edited by Andrea Stadlmayr, Anna Haider, Viola Winkler (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Space Spider. Infrastructure funded by the FFG.

Mladeč 1 Skull (NHMW-ANTHRO-OSTE-5454)

***Homo sapiens*** 
  
Location: Cro-Magnon, Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France. 
  
Age: 27,700 years B.P. 
  
Material: plaster cast. 

Dimensions: length, 223 mm; width, 153 mm; height, 156 mm.
  
Notes: RLA catalog no. 1979rp16-1 (cast).  Male cranium.  Discovered in 1868 by Louis Lartet.  Cast made by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Aidan Paul.

Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon I) Skull (1979rp16-1)

***Homo sapiens***

Location: Upper Cave, Zhoukoudian, China.

Age: 10,000-20,000 years B.P.

Material: plaster cast.

Dimensions: length, 218 mm; width, 145 mm; height, 150 mm.

Notes: RLA catalog no. 1979rp44 (cast).  "Old Man" skull.  Discovered in 1933-1934 during excavations in the Upper Cave (also known as Shandingdong) at Zhoujoudian by Bei Wenzhong under the direction of Franz Weidenreich.  Lost during the Japanese occupation in 1941.  Cast made by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Jordyn Gray.

Homo sapiens (Upper Cave, Zhoukoudian)(1979rp44)

Homo heidelbergensis, -700 000 to -200 000 BCE, Africa and Europe. Musée du cinquantenaire (Brussels, Belgium). Made with ReMake and ReCap Pro from AutoDesk.

This ancestor was a great migrator. Some populations migrated to Europe, where they gave Homo neanderthalis; while those who remained in Africa have evolved into Modern Men (Homo sapiens). This period delivered wooden hunting weapons that were machined with good sharp stone tools. This implies a society that begins to structure itself to make the tools, the weapons, to process the slaughtered animals.

For more updates, please consider to follow me on Twitter at @GeoffreyMarchal.

Homo Heidelbergensis

***Homo sapiens*** 
  
Location: Cro-Magnon, Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France. 
  
Age: 27,700 years B.P. 
  
Material: plaster cast. 

Dimensions: length, 125 mm; width, 132 mm; height, 72 mm.
  
Notes: RLA catalog no. 1979rp16 (cast).  Male mandible.  Discovered in 1868 by Louis Lartet.  Cast made by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Aidan Paul.

Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon I) Skull (1979rp16-2)

***Homo sapiens*** 
  
Location: Mugharet es-Skhul, Wadi el-Mughara, Israel. 
  
Age: 120,000 - 80,000 years B.P. 
  
Material: epoxy resin cast.

Dimensions: length, 218 mm; width, 144 mm; height, 147 mm.

Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp37-1 (cast).  Fossil called Skhul 5, discovered in 1932 by T.D. McCown and H. Movius, Jr., and restored by C.E. Snow.  Nearly complete cranium.  Cast made by the Wenner-Gren Foundation Casting Program at the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Greer Taylor.

Homo sapiens Skhul 5 (2501.1rp37-1)

***Homo sapiens *** 
  
Location: Broken Hill Mine, Kabwe, Zambia. 
  
Age: about 125,000 years B.P. 
  
Material: epoxy resin cast. 

Dimensions: length, 231 mm; width, 145 mm; height, 145 mm.
  
Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp35 (cast).  Cranium, known as Broken Hill 1 or Rhodesian Man, was discovered in 1921 and is the first early human fossil discovered in Africa.  Also classified as *Homo heidelbergensis*.  Cast made by the Wenner-Gren Foundation Casting Program at the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Jordyn Gray.

Homo sapiens (2501.1rp35) – cranium

***Homo sapiens***

Location: Mugharet es-Skhul, Wadi el-Mughara, Israel.

Age: 120,000 - 80,000 years B.P.

Material: plaster cast.

Dimensions: length, 219 mm; width, 146 mm; height, 149 mm.

Notes: RLA catalog no. 1979rp32 (cast).  Fossil called Skhul 5, discovered in 1932 by T.D. McCown and H. Movius, Jr., and restored by C.E. Snow.  Nearly complete cranium.  Cast made by the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania.  From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  Model by Steve Davis.

Homo sapiens (Skhul 5) (1979rp32)

Using Advanced Photogrammetry and other cutting edge technologies I was able to generate a 1:1 Scale 3D Model of The Jebel Irhoud Skull(Cranium and Mandible) using reference video from this publication.

The first of our kind - scientists discover the oldest Homo sapiens fossils at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
https://www.eva.mpg.de/press/news/2017/2017-06-07-the-first-of-our-kind/

Jebel Irhoud Skull Reconstruction

I used Advanced Photogrammetry to generate a 3D model of The Virtual Last Common Ancestor Of Homo Sapiens And Neanderthals that was published on the following links:

**Virtual fossil’ reveals last common ancestor of humans and Neanderthals**
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/virtual-fossil-reveals-last-common-ancestor-of-humans-and-neanderthals

**Virtual ancestor reconstruction: Revealing the ancestor of modern humans and Neandertals**
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248415002729?utm_source=chatgpt.com


![](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/08/ab/ad/08abad34dd93a2f1ed228888d88a97d7.jpg)

The Last Common Ancestor: Sapiens/Neanderthals

This model includes What I believe to be a Direct Sapiens Lineage based on Morphometric Analysis. Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Early Homo Sapiens(Jebel Irhoud), Middle Paleolithic Sapiens(Qafzeh 9 ) and Modern Homo Sapiens(Modern day Human male from Japan).

Jebel Irhoud reconstruction by Adam Worthington, Modern Day Human CT Scan by Kent Mori

Single STL File but Cranium and Mandible can be Separated individually with a 3D slicer program like Prusa, Orca etc.

Homo Sapiens Morphometric Lineage 2

Comparison of Qafzeh 9 Early Modern Homo Sapiens that dates back to 100,000 years ago in the Middle Paleolithic Levant and a Modern Day Homo Sapiens from Japan. The similarities are striking, both skulls are nearly identical in morphological traits, while Modern day Sapiens have a range in cranial shape variation,  I choose this individual because of its uncanny resemblance.

Modern day speciment was posted by Kent Mori and this is the direct link to the model
https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/rojo-hs-1-human-skull-489fd613299942e4abe8477d7df0cfa7

Both are Gracile Human Males (recent studies of Qafzeh 9 as a male) 

File is STL but The Cranium and Mandibles can be separated/split using a 3D Printing Slicer like Prusa/Orca etc.

Qafzeh 9  Modern Sapiens Comparison

This is just a cluster of what is very likely the lineage of Modern Homo Sapiens. Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus(Used Pekin Skull as there are not complete adult African Erectus Skull as complete nor as generalized),  Early Sapiens(Jebel Irhoud) and a Modern yet very Robust Australian Aboriginal Skull(Pintupi). I wish I had the mode of Omo Kibish I 3d model to place it in between Jebel Irhoud and Pintupi 1. 

Jebel Irhoud reconstruction was performed by Adam Worthington. Habilis, Erectus were sourced directly from Adam Worthington page. Pintupi 1 Cranium was generated by me using Advanced Photogrametry Techniques from publicly available media. All models are 1:1 scale. Pintupi mandible is merged with the skull and I have not been able to separate it. The rest of the models mandible/jaws can be separated on a 3D slicer.

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