*Many thanks to the support generously provided by Meredith Siegfried Madden and Dr. Peter Madden.  Without you this wouldn't be possible.*

Smithsonian source data can be found [here](https://ids.si.edu/ids/media_view?id=3d_package:d8c636ce-4ebc-11ea-b77f-2e728ce88125)

This media file is in the public domain (free of copyright restrictions). You can copy, modify, and distribute this work without contacting the Smithsonian. For more information and to review the 3D disclaimer, visit the Smithsonian’s [Terms of Use](https://www.si.edu/Termsofuse) page.

Orbiter, Space Shuttle, OV-103, Discovery

Manufacturer: Rockwell International Corporation  

Materials: Airframe: aluminum alloys, titanium, Surface: silica tiles, reinforced carbon carbon RCC nose cap and wing leading edges, Interior: many materials (aluminum, fabric, beta cloth, velcro, etc.)

Dimensions: Overall: 24.314m x 17.768m x 38.03m, 73176.5kg (78 ft. x 57 ft. x 122 ft., 161325lb.)
    
EDAN-URL: edanmdm:nasm_A20120325000

Orbiter Space Shuttle OV-103 Discovery

The Temple at Évora is a unique example of roman religious architecture, and was wrongly described as being built to honor the goddess Diana. It rather was constructed to honor the figure of the emperor. This structure dates from the late 1st century to the early 2nd century A.D., and it was part of a larger complex that included a forum, a public square with a basilica on the opposite side, and it was surrounded by a colonnade. The temple as seen today dates back to the second half of the 19th century, when, under the direction of the cenographer Cinnati, all non-roman elements were removed. The example at Évora has been recognized as having similarities to the Maison Carrée in Nimes (France), given its scale and overall architecture.

Roman Temple of Evora

**CAT** L'església de Sant Climent de Taüll va ser consagrada el 10 desembre de 1123 pel bisbe Ramon Guillem de Roda Barbastre i és el prototip d’església romànica de planta basilical, amb l'absis orientat cap a l’est. Es troba a l'entrada del poble de Taüll. És Patrimoni Mundial de la UNESCO des de l'any 2000.

**ES** La iglesia de Sant Climent de Taüll fue consagrada el 10 de diciembre de 1123 por el obispo Ramon Guillem de Roda Barbastro y es el prototipo de iglesia románica de planta basilical, con el ábside orientado hacia el este. Se encuentra a la entrada del pueblo de Taüll. Es Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO desde el año 2000.

**EN** The church of Sant Climent de Taüll was consecrated on December 10th, 1123 by Bishop Ramon Guillem of Roda-Barbastro. It is a quintessential Romanesque church with a basilica plan and an eastward-facing apse. It is located at the entrance to the town of Taüll. It is a World Heritage Site since 2000.

https://www.centreromanic.com

Model: Burzon-Comenge. Text: Luz Gamiz

Sant Climent de Taüll. Vall de Boí

Milan's layout, with streets either radiating from the Duomo or circling it, reveals that the Duomo occupies what was the most central site in Roman Mediolanum, that of the public basilica facing the forum. The first cathedral, the "new basilica" (basilica nova) dedicated to St Thecla, was completed by 355. It seems to share, on a slightly smaller scale, the plan of the contemporaneous church recently rediscovered beneath Tower Hill in London. An adjoining basilica was erected in 836. The old octagonal baptistery, the Battistero Paleocristiano, dates to 335 and still can be visited under the Cathedral. When a fire damaged the cathedral and basilica in 1075, they were rebuilt as the Duomo.

source : wikipedia

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Milan Cathedral

Basilica di san Pietro e colonnato antistante a Roma. La chiesa sorge sopra l'edificio pre esistente che a sua volta sorge sulla tomba di San Pietro. La chiesa e la cupola furono opera di Bramante, Raffaello, Michelangelo e Giacomo della Porta e il colonnato e` del Bernini.
St Peter Church in Rome. The church was built above the previous church. The project of the building and the dome had contributions from Bramante, Raffaello and Michelangelo among others. The colums in the front square are by Bernini. 
Imported from Google Maps with RenderDoc and Blender.

Vatican and St. Peter Basilica

The Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família, otherwise known as Sagrada Família, is a church under construction in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is the largest unfinished Catholic church in the world. Designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), his work on Sagrada Família is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site On 7 November 2010, Pope Benedict XVI consecrated the church and proclaimed it a minor basilica.

On 19 March 1882, construction of the Sagrada Família began under architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned, Gaudí took over as chief architect, transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and he is buried in the church's crypt. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete.

La Sagrada Familia

**Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre**

ca. 1530, 2nd half of the 18th century, 1525–1534, Miechów, Poland


**For more images and further information, visit:
**
https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/2898

Inventory number: MZM/BK/2

Location of the physical object: Holy Sepulchre Basilica in Miechów

**Digitalisation: Regional Digitalisation Lab, Małopolska Institute of Culture in Kraków, Poland; “Virtual Museums of Małopolska” Project**

Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre

CAT. Encenser de bronze format per tapa semiesfèrica, un dipòsit cilíndric de fons foradat i sostingut per tres potes decorades amb garres de felí. Datat al segle vii, procedeix de la basílica del Bovalar (Seròs). Es custòdia al Museu de Lleida.

ES. Incensario de bronce formado por tapa semiesférica, un depósito cilíndrico de fondo agujereado y sostenido por tres patas decoradas con garras de felino. Datado en el siglo vii, procede de la basílica del Bovalar (Seròs). Se custodia en el Museo de Lleida.

EN. Bronze censer with a semispherical cover and a cylindrical base with a perforated bottom, standing on three legs decorated with feline feet. Dating to the 7th century, it comes from the basilica of Bovalar (Seròs) and is kept at the Lleida Museum.

http://museudelleida.cat/collection/antiguitat-tardana/page/2/

Model: Aleix Barberà. Textos: MDL.

Encenser, Museu de Lleida

朱塞佩·馬佐利創作的《聖腓力》雕像（約1703–1711年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高4.25米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龛。馬佐利是參與該項目的重要雕塑家之一。雕像莊嚴肅穆，展現了巴洛克晚期向古典主義過渡的風格。其最終版本完成於1711年，另有一尊為資助者製作的縮小版存於紐倫堡。

The Statue of St Philip by Giuseppe Mazzuoli (c. 1703–1711) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This 4.25-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini
. Mazzuoli was among the leading sculptors involved in the project. The statue exhibits a solemn grandeur, reflecting the transition from late Baroque to classicism. The final version was completed in 1711, with a reduced marble copy made for the patron now in Nuremberg.

聖腓力像 St Phillip Statue in Laterano, Rome

Basilica inacabada  Santa Mariña de Aguas Santas

Forno da Santa - Pontevedra | SPAIN

卡米洛·魯斯科尼創作的《聖馬太》雕像（約1703–1711年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.5米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龕。魯斯科尼是該項目的核心雕塑家。雕像莊嚴肅穆，刻畫了這位前稅吏、福音書作者的形象，其常見特徵是手持書卷或錢袋。作品融合了巴洛克的動感與古典的平衡，是該系列中的典範之作。

The Statue of St Matthewby Camillo Rusconi (c. 1703–1711) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.5-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini. Rusconi was a central sculptor in this project. The statue presents a solemn depiction of the former tax collector and Evangelist, often characterized by holding a book or money bag. It masterfully blends Baroque dynamism with classical equilibrium, making it a exemplary work within the series.

聖馬太像St.Matthew Statue in Laterano, Rome

小皮埃爾·勒格羅創作的《聖多馬》雕像（約1703–1711年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。該雕像是教皇克萊門特十一世為填補博羅米尼設計的十二使徒壁龕而委託製作的大型系列之一，由葡萄牙國王彼得二世贊助。勒格羅是唯一未完全遵循官方設計指南的雕塑家，其最初的巴羅克風格陶土模型情感強烈，但未被採納。最終的大理石像風格更為古典克制：聖多馬手持木工角尺，衣褶規整，其著名的手指從壁龕伸出指向祭壇，象徵在信仰旅程中對懷疑的超越

The Statue of St Thomas by Pierre Le Gros the Younger (c. 1703–1711) resides in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. It was part of Pope Clement XI's project to fill Borromini's niches with twelve colossal apostle statues, sponsored by King Peter II of Portugal. Le Gros was the only sculptor who successfully refused to work from the prescribed drawings by Carlo Maratta. His initial, highly emotional Baroque terracotta model was rejected. The final marble statue is more restrained: St Thomas holds a carpenter's square, with ordered drapery. His distinctive finger protrudes from the niche, pointing toward the altar, symbolizing moving beyond doubt on the path of faith.

聖多馬像St Thomas Statue in Laterano, Rome

Silicified wood forms when plants absorb silica-rich groundwater that fills their cells with silica glass or quartz. This mineralization preserves the plant, turning it to stone soon after death or even while alive.

This object is part of the historical ‘Ettingshausen collection’, which is on permanent loan from the Institute of Biology, University of Graz. It is not currently on display.

**Specimen**: Silicified fossil tree trunk

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2024/0188/11590

**Collection**: NHMW, Geology & Palaeontology Dept., Palaeobotany (curator: Chris Mays)

**Origin**: Unkown

Find out more about the NHM Vienna [here](http://nhm.at/en).

Scanned and edited by A. Haider (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Space Spider 

Contribution to the digitization project „Einsichten in die gesellschaftspolitische Dimension des NHMW über die Jahrhunderte von der Prägung des Wissenschafts-Verständnisses bis zum Nationalpark in der Lobau“ funded by the [BMWKMS](https://www.bmwkms.gv.at/).

Silicified wood (NHMW-GEO-2024-0188-11590)

小皮埃爾·勒格羅創作的《聖巴多羅買》雕像（約1703–1712年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.25米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，由教宗司庫洛倫佐·科爾西尼贊助。雕像展現了這位因被剝皮而殉道的宗徒：他左手持剝皮刀，雙手捧著自己被剝下的皮膚。其風格融合了巴洛克的戲劇性與古典的克制，是該系列中的重要作品。

The Statue of St Bartholomewby Pierre Le Gros the Younger (c. 1703–1712) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.25-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures, sponsored by the pope's treasurer Lorenzo Corsini. It depicts the apostle who was martyred by flaying: he holds a flaying knife in his left hand and his own flayed skin in both hands. The work blends Baroque drama with classical restraint, making it a significant piece within the series.

聖巴多羅買像 St Bartholomew in Laterano, Rome

卡米洛·魯斯科尼創作的《聖大雅各》雕像（約1703–1711年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.5米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龕。魯斯科尼是該項目的核心雕塑家。聖雅各伯（大）是西庇太的兒子，耶穌的十二宗徒之一，傳統上被描繪為朝聖者，手持朝聖杖，帽子上飾有扇貝殼（通往聖地亞哥德孔波斯特拉朝聖之路的象徵）。雕像莊嚴肅穆，融合了巴洛克的動感與古典的平衡。

The Statue of St James the Greaterby Camillo Rusconi (c. 1703–1711) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.5-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini. Rusconi was a central sculptor in this project. St James the Greater, son of Zebedee and one of the Twelve Apostles, is traditionally depicted as a pilgrim, holding a staff and with a scallop shell on his hat (symbol of the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela). The work presents a solemn figure, blending Baroque dynamism with classical equilibrium.

聖大雅各像 St James the Greater Statue in Laterano

卡米洛·魯斯科尼創作的《聖安德烈》雕像（約1703–1711年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.5米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龕。魯斯科尼是該項目最重要的雕塑家之一。雕像莊嚴肅穆，展現了聖安德烈作為宗徒的虔敬形象，其標誌性特徵是手持象徵其殉道方式的X形十字架。作品融合了巴洛克的戲劇性與古典的克制，體現了18世紀初羅馬雕塑的藝術水準。

The Statue of St Andrew by Camillo Rusconi (c. 1703–1711) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.5-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini. Rusconi was among the leading sculptors involved in this project. The statue presents a solemn and pious depiction of the apostle, characterized by his attribute of the X-shaped cross, symbolizing his martyrdom. The work blends Baroque drama with classical restraint, reflecting the artistic standards of early 18th-century Roman sculpture.

聖安德烈像  St Andrew Statue in Laterano, Rome

卡米洛·魯斯科尼創作的《聖約翰》雕像（約1709–1712年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.5米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世於1703年發起競賽、委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龕。魯斯科尼是該項目最重要的雕塑家之一，負責了四尊雕像。聖約翰作為最年輕的宗徒，常被描繪為無鬚的青年形象。雕像莊嚴肅穆，展現了這位福音書作者的特徵，其風格融合了巴洛克的戲劇性與古典的克制，體現了18世紀初羅馬雕塑的藝術水準。

The Statue of St Johnby Camillo Rusconi (c. 1709–1712) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.5-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini. Rusconi was among the leading sculptors involved, creating four of the statues. Depicting John as the youngest apostle, typically shown beardless, the work presents a solemn and pious figure. It blends Baroque drama with classical restraint, reflecting the artistic standards of early 18th-century Roman sculpture.

聖約翰像St. John Statue in Laterano, Rome

安傑洛·德·羅西創作的《聖小雅各伯》雕像（約1705–1711年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.5米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龛。德·羅西是參與該項目的重要雕塑家之一，其風格融合了熱那亞學派的影響與羅馬巴洛克傳統
。雕像莊嚴肅穆，展現了聖雅各伯作為宗徒的虔敬形象，衣褶處理細膩，整體構圖穩重，體現了18世紀初羅馬雕塑的藝術水準。

The Statue of St James the Less by Angelo de' Rossi (c. 1705–1711) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.5-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini. De' Rossi was among the leading sculptors involved in this project, blending Genoese influences with Roman Baroque traditions. The statue presents a solemn and pious depiction of the apostle, with carefully rendered drapery and a stable composition, reflecting the artistic standards of early 18th-century Roman sculpture.

聖小雅各伯像 St James The Lesser in Laterano, Rome

洛倫佐·奧托尼創作的《聖猶達》雕像（約1708–1718年）位於羅馬拉特朗聖若望大殿。這尊高約4.5米的大理石雕像是教宗克勉十一世委託製作的十二宗徒巨型雕像系列之一，旨在填充弗朗切斯科·博羅米尼設計的壁龕。奧托尼是參與該項目的雕塑家之一。聖猶達（亦稱聖達陡）是耶穌的十二宗徒之一，傳統上被描繪為手持棍棒（其殉道工具）或書卷（代表其《猶達書》）。雕像莊嚴肅穆，體現了巴洛克時期對宗教人物表現的典型風格。

The Statue of St Jude(also known as St Thaddeus) by Lorenzo Ottoni (c. 1708–1718) is housed in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. This approximately 4.5-meter marble statue was part of Pope Clement XI's commission for twelve colossal apostle figures to fill the niches designed by Francesco Borromini. Ottoni was among the sculptors involved in this project. St Jude, one of the Twelve Apostles, is traditionally depicted holding a club (the instrument of his martyrdom) or a scroll (representing his Epistle). The statue presents a solemn and dignified figure, reflecting the typical Baroque style of religious representation.

聖猶達像 St.Jude Statue in Laterano, Rome

Silicified wood forms when plants absorb silica-rich groundwater that fills their cells with silica glass or quartz. This mineralization preserves the plant, turning it to stone soon after death or even while alive.

This object is part of the historical ‘Ettingshausen collection’, which is on permanent loan from the Institute of Biology, University of Graz. It is not currently on display.

**Specimen**: Silicified fossil tree trunk

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2024/0188/11592

**Collection**: NHMW, Geology & Palaeontology Dept., Palaeobotany (curator: Chris Mays)

**Origin**: Unkown

Find out more about the NHM Vienna [here](http://nhm.at/en).

Scanned and edited by A. Haider (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Space Spider 

Contribution to the digitization project „Einsichten in die gesellschaftspolitische Dimension des NHMW über die Jahrhunderte von der Prägung des Wissenschafts-Verständnisses bis zum Nationalpark in der Lobau“ funded by the [BMWKMS](https://www.bmwkms.gv.at/).

Silicified wood (NHMW-GEO-2024-0188-11592)

This model was generated using Meshy, an AI-powered 3D creation toolkit. Meshy helps creators turn ideas into high-quality 3D models with ease. View the original model and claim a free month of Pro on Meshy: [https://www.meshy.ai/s/JBNHEZ](https://www.meshy.ai/s/JBNHEZ)

Facciata posteriore della Basilica

This model was generated using Meshy, an AI-powered 3D creation toolkit. Meshy helps creators turn ideas into high-quality 3D models with ease. View the original model and claim a free month of Pro on Meshy: [https://www.meshy.ai/s/p2PgM4](https://www.meshy.ai/s/p2PgM4)

Silicified wood forms when plants absorb silica-rich groundwater that fills their cells with silica glass or quartz. This mineralization preserves the plant, turning it to stone soon after death or even while alive.

This object is part of the historical ‘Ettingshausen collection’, which is on permanent loan from the Institute of Biology, University of Graz. It is not currently on display.

**Specimen**: Silicified fossil tree trunk with traces of wood-boring arthropods

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2024/0188/11584

**Collection**: NHMW, Geology & Palaeontology Dept., Palaeobotany (curator: Chris Mays)

**Origin**: Unknown

Find out more about the NHM Vienna [here](http://nhm.at/en).

Scanned&edited by A. Haider (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Space Spider 

Contribution to the digitization project „Einsichten in die gesellschaftspolitische Dimension des NHMW über die Jahrhunderte von der Prägung des Wissenschafts-Verständnisses bis zum Nationalpark in der Lobau“ funded by the [BMWKMS](https://www.bmwkms.gv.at/).

Fossil wood (NHMW-GEO-2024/0188/11584)

Silicified wood forms when plants absorb silica-rich groundwater that fills their cells with silica glass or quartz. This mineralization preserves the plant, turning it to stone soon after death or even while alive.

This object is part of the historical ‘Ettingshausen collection’, which is on permanent loan from the Institute of Biology, University of Graz. It is not currently on display.

**Specimen**: Silicified fossil tree fern trunk

**Inventory number**: NHMW-GEO-2024/0188/11589

**Collection**: NHMW, Geology & Palaeontology Dept., Palaeobotany (curator: Chris Mays)

**Origin**: Unknown

Find out more about the NHM Vienna [here](http://nhm.at/en).

Scanned and edited by A. Haider (NHMW)

Scanner: Artec Space Spider 

Contribution to the digitization project „Einsichten in die gesellschaftspolitische Dimension des NHMW über die Jahrhunderte von der Prägung des Wissenschafts-Verständnisses bis zum Nationalpark in der Lobau“ funded by the [BMWKMS](https://www.bmwkms.gv.at/).

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